Anovulation

When the ovaries do not release an egg during a menstrual cycle.

Classification:

  • Type 1 – (Hypo hypo) Secretion of hormones from the brain is less.
  • Type 2 – (Normo) Commonest cause major contributor being PCOS.
  • Type 3 – (Hyper) Indication of ovarian failure.
Anovulation

Diagnosis:

  • Blood investigation Checking of hormones like FSH, and LH & Progesterone
  • Ultrasound – follicular monitoring
Anovulation

Treatment:

  • Ovulation induction – use of medicines or injections to stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs
  • Surgical management – Laparoscopic ovarian drilling in resistant PCO patients.
Anovulation

AZOOSPERMIA

  • Absence of sperm in the semen.

Causes:

  • Pre testicular – Imbalance in the hormones required for production of sperm
  • Testicular – Defect in the testis due to congenital problem, disease or injury.
  • Post testicular – Obstruction in the ducts transporting sperms produced in the testis.
Anovulation

Diagnosis:

  • Semen Analysis
  • Blood investigation – Testing of hormones like FSH, Prolactin, Serum testosterone
  • Karyotyping to rule out chromosomal problems.
Anovulation

Ultrasound:

  • Scrotal Ultrasound
  • Trans rectal Ultrasound
  • Testicular biopsy
Anovulation

Diagnosis:

  • Medical Management:
  • GnRH therapy, hCG, hMG in pre testicular cause
  • Surgical management:
  • Sperm extraction procedures like TESE, TESA, MESA, PESA in testicular causes
  • Surgical Anastomotic procedures in obstructive causes
  • Donor insemination